Debian 13 “Trixie” Released: New Features, Architecture Support & What’s New

Debian, one of the most esteemed and longstanding Linux distributions, is on the cusp of releasing its 13th version, codenamed “Trixie.” This forthcoming release embodies the project’s unwavering commitment to delivering a robust, versatile, and cutting-edge operating system. In this comprehensive overview, we’ll delve into the pivotal features, architectural support, and noteworthy enhancements that define Debian 13 “Trixie.”​

Evolution of Debian

Since its inception in 1993 by Ian Murdock, Debian has been a paragon of free and open-source software. Its democratic development model and dedication to stability have garnered a vast and loyal user base. Each Debian release is named after characters from the “Toy Story” series, with “Trixie” continuing this endearing tradition.​

Supported Architectures

Debian’s hallmark is its extensive support for diverse hardware architectures. In “Trixie,” the officially supported architectures include:

• 32-bit PC (i386) and 64-bit PC (amd64): Catering to both legacy and modern x86 systems.​
• 64-bit ARM (arm64): For contemporary ARM-based devices.
• ARM EABI (armel) and ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf): Targeting various embedded systems.​
• 64-bit little-endian MIPS (mips64el): Supporting specific MIPS processors.​
• 64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el): For advanced PowerPC architectures.
• 64-bit little-endian RISC-V (riscv64): Marking the inaugural official support for the open-source RISC-V architecture.
• IBM System z (s390x): Ensuring compatibility with IBM’s enterprise mainframe systems.​

Notably, “Trixie” introduces official support for the riscv64 architecture, reflecting Debian’s commitment to emerging technologies. Conversely, support for the mipsel architecture has been discontinued, and while the i386 and armel architectures remain in the archive, their installers are no longer provided.

Desktop Environments and Key Packages

Debian 13 “Trixie” showcases significant updates to its desktop environments:​

• KDE Plasma 6.3.5: Users can experience the latest iteration of this sleek and customizable desktop environment, offering enhanced aesthetics and functionality. ​
• GNOME 48: Providing a modern and intuitive user interface with improved performance and new features. ​

These updates ensure that users have access to contemporary and efficient desktop experiences, catering to a wide range of preferences.​

Installation System Enhancements

The Debian Installer has undergone several improvements in “Trixie”:​

• Kernel Integration: The installer incorporates the Linux 6.12 LTS kernel series, aligning with the latest long-term support kernel for enhanced hardware compatibility and performance.
• Architecture Support: While adding support for riscv64, the installer has ceased builds for the armel and i386 architectures, reflecting a strategic shift in supported hardware. ​
• Localization: With support for 78 languages, including 18 fully translated, Debian continues to prioritize accessibility for a global user base.
• User Interface: The installer features updated screens and a new “Ceratopsian” theme, offering a refreshed visual experience during installation.

Package Management and System Updates

Debian 13 introduces notable changes in package management:​

• APT Sources in deb822 Format: The transition to the deb822 format for APT sources enhances readability, modularity, and security. Users can migrate their sources list using the command:​ sudo apt modernize-sources

• Baseline for i386 Architecture: The minimum requirement for the i386 architecture has been elevated to i686, necessitating the “long NOP” (NOPL) instruction. This change may impact users with older hardware lacking this instruction set.

Development and Release Timeline

The development of Debian 13 “Trixie” follows a structured timeline:​

• Transition and Toolchain Freeze: Commenced on March 15, 2025, marking the beginning of the stabilization phase.
• Soft Freeze: Scheduled for April 15, 2025, allowing only essential changes to packages.​
• Hard Freeze: Set for May 15, 2025, restricting updates to critical fixes and security patches.​

These milestones ensure a methodical approach to finalizing the release and maintaining Debian’s standards of stability and reliability.​

Community and Ecosystem Impact

The enhancements in Debian 13 “Trixie” have garnered positive feedback from the community:​

• RISC-V Support: The official inclusion of riscv64 has been lauded as a significant step towards embracing open hardware architectures. ​
• Desktop Environment Upgrades: The integration of the latest KDE Plasma and GNOME versions reflects Debian’s commitment to providing contemporary user experiences.

References:

The information presented in this article is based on official announcements and trusted Linux news sources, including Debian.org, Phoronix, 9to5Linux, OSTechNix, Linuxiac, TuxCare, Linux.org, and various community discussions on Reddit.